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Events within the Roman Empire:
CXXXVIII - 138 CE
➾ February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
➾ July 10 – Hadrian dies after a heart failure at Baiae, and is buried at Rome in the Gardens of Domitia beside his wife, Vibia Sabina.
➾ Antoninus Pius succeeds Hadrian as Roman Emperor, and asks the Senate to confer divine honors for Hadrian.
➾ Construction begins on the Theater of Philadelphia (Amman).
➾ Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished.
➾ The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under Emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under Hadrian.
CXXXIX - 139 CE
➾ The Tomb of Hadrian in Rome is completed; Emperor Antoninus Pius cremates the body of Hadrian, and places his ashes, together with that of his wife Vibia Sabina and his adopted son, Lucius Aelius, in the mausoleum.
➾ Marcus Aurelius is named Caesar. He is betrothed to the 9-year-old Faustina the Younger, daughter of Antoninus Pius.
➾ Antoninus Pius and Gaius Bruttius Praesens become Roman Consuls.
CXL - 140 CE
➾ Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.
➾ Antoninus Pius recognizes the king of the Quadi, who becomes an ally of Rome.
➾ King Mithridates IV dies; Vologases III claims the throne and extends his rule throughout the Parthian Empire.
➾ The export of olive oil from Hispania Baetica to Rome peaks.
➾ Claudius Ptolemy completes his Almagest (approximate date).
CXLI - 141 CE
➾ The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is constructed in Rome; the temple is dedicated to Empress Faustina the Elder.
➾ The 141 Lycia earthquake affects most of the Roman provinces of Lycia and Caria and the islands of Rhodes, Kos, Simi and Serifos. It triggers a severe tsunami, which causes major inundation.
➾ 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
CXLII - 142 CE
➾ Emperor Antoninus Pius orders the construction of the Antonine Wall. The wall stretches 39 miles (63 km), from Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde, to Carriden near Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth (Scotland). The Romans build 19 forts and smaller fortlets (milecastles), to protect the border against the Caledonians.
➾ Municipal doctors are named throughout the Roman Empire.
CXLIII - 143 CE
➾ Antoninus Pius serves as Roman Consul.
➾ A revolt of the Brigantes tribe in Britannia is suppressed by Quintus Lollius Urbicus.
➾ The Roman doctor Antyllus performs the first arteriotomy.
CXLIV - 144 CE
➾ Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become Roman Consuls.
➾ The Roman campaigns in Mauretania begin.
CXLV - 145 CE
➾ Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.
➾ Marcus Aurelius marries Faustina the Younger, the daughter of Antoninus Pius.
➾ Arrian becomes archon in Athens.
CXLVI - 146 CE
➾ Faustina the Younger is given the title Augusta and becomes Roman Empress.
➾ Marcus Aurelius receives the imperium proconsular.
CXLVII - 147 CE
➾ Marcus Aurelius receives imperial powers, from Emperor Antoninus Pius.
➾ Festivals to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the founding of Rome begin.
➾ King Vologases III dies after a 42-year reign, in which he has contended successfully with his rivals.
➾ King Vologases IV, son of Mithridates IV of Parthia, unites under his rule the Parthian Empire.
CXLVIII - 148 CE
➾ Emperor Antoninus Pius hosts a series of grand games, to celebrate Rome's 900th anniversary.
CL - 150 CE
➾ The Roman town Forum Hadriani (Voorburg) receives the title of Municipium Aelium Cananefatium, "the town of the Cananefates" (modern Netherlands). The town is awarded with rights to organize markets.
➾ The Germans of the east move south, into the Carpathians and Black Sea area.
➾ The Albani appear in the Roman province of Macedonia, specifically in Epirus.
➾ The earliest atlas (Ptolemy's Geography) is made (approximate date).
➾ This is also the approximate date of completion of Ptolemy's monumental work Almagest. The geocentric cosmology contained in it holds sway for 1,400 years.
➾ Antoninus Liberalis writes a work on mythology (Μεταμορφωσεων Συναγωγη) (approximate date).
CLI - 151 CE
➾ Mytilene and Smyrna are destroyed by an earthquake.
CLIII - 153 CE
➾ Minor uprisings occur in Roman Egypt against Roman rule.
CLIV - 154 CE
➾ King Eupator of Bosphorus pays tribute to Rome, due to the threat posed by the Alani.
➾ The Antonine Wall is completed.
CLVII - 157 CE
➾ A revolt against Roman rule begins in Dacia.
CLVIII - 158 CE
➾ The earliest dated use of Sol Invictus, in a dedication from Rome.
➾ A revolt against Roman rule in Dacia is crushed.
CLX - 160 CE
➾ The Antonine Wall is retaken by Roman legions.
➾ In Rome, the manufacturing of soap containing grease, lime and ashes begins.
➾ Appian writes Ρωμαικα, known in English as the Roman History, in which he includes the history of each nation conquered up until the moment of its conquest.
CLXI - 16I CE
➾ March 7 – Emperor Antoninus Pius dies, and is succeeded by Marcus Aurelius, who shares imperial power with Lucius Verus, although Marcus retains the title Pontifex Maximus.
➾ Marcus Aurelius, a Spaniard like Trajan and Hadrian, is a stoical disciple of Epictetus, and an energetic man of action. He pursues the policy of his predecessor and maintains good relations with the Senate. As a legislator, he endeavors to create new principles of morality and humanity, particularly favoring women and slaves.
➾ Aurelius reduces the weight of a goldpiece, the aureus, from 7.81 grams to 7.12 grams.
➾ Autumn – The Parthians invade Armenia, and install their own candidate on the throne. A legion (perhaps Legio IX Hispana) is destroyed at Elegeia.
➾ Gaius' Institutiones are published.
➾ The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 68 percent under Emperor Marcus Aurelius, down from 75 percent under Antoninus Pius.
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